For Authors

General requirements

Manuscripts should reflect current research in the target journal's field, with a title matching the content, clear arguments, reliable evidence, accurate data and concise, standard language. Specifically:

• A manuscript consists of a title page and the main text.
• The title page includes the title, authors, affiliations, correspondence address, phone and email.
• The main text includes the title, abstract, keywords, introduction, methods, results, discussion, conclusions and references, and must contain no identifying information (blind review).
• Length follows each journal's requirements; most journals suggest 5,000–8,000 words including tables, figures and references.

Formatting and section requirements follow the target journal's homepage (All Journals）。

Title, abstract and keywords

• Titles should be concise (about 20 words or fewer).
• Abstracts should state purpose, methods, results and conclusions (structured abstract, roughly 200–250 words in English).
• Provide 2–5 keywords.

Text, tables and figures

• Use SI units, standard symbols and standardised terminology.
• Number headings with Arabic numerals (“1”, “1.1”, “1.1.1”), left-aligned with no trailing punctuation.
• Table captions should be bilingual (“表 1 … (Table 1 …)”); use simple three-line tables without vertical rules.
• Figure captions should be provided, placed below each figure.
• Number tables and figures consecutively in Arabic numerals.
• Citations use bracketed superscript numerals at the end of the cited sentence, e.g. “... model[3]”; multiple citations are comma-separated, e.g. “[1,2,6,9]”.
• Define abbreviations at first use and use them consistently.

References

• Every reference must be cited in the text, with numbering consistent between text and list.
• References must be works the authors have actually consulted and verified against the originals; unpublished material should generally not be cited.
• References appear after the main text, numbered in citation order and left-aligned, e.g. [1], [2]; each entry ends with a full stop using half-width punctuation.

Common reference formats (examples):

• Journal article: [No.] Author. Title[J]. Journal name, year, volume(issue): pages.
• Journal article (English): [No.] Author. Title[J]. Journal name, year, volume(issue): pages.
• Book: [No.] Author. Title[M]. Edition. Place: Publisher, year: pages.

More specific citation styles follow the target journal's homepage.

Online submission

All submissions go through the online system: choose a journal → choose a section → upload the manuscript (DOCX) → the system parses metadata → verify → submit. Please confirm the title page and main text are complete before submitting.